Normal Values in Vision Science

This book represents the first authoritative and comprehensive reference dedicated to normal values in vision science and ophthalmology. It provides an up-to-date collection of normal values: measurements, volumes, rates, densities, velocities, amplitudes, frequencies, etc.  Knowledge of normal values in ophthalmology is essential to identifying disease, especially as artificial intelligence and precision medicine play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare. Numbers and parameters are presented by tissue; i.e., cornea, iris, retina, choroid, and by function: micro-saccades, ocular tracking, luminance recognition, flow velocities.  Comparative measures of ocular structures are also presented including pressures, weight (wet and dry), diameters, volumes, temperatures, and newer measures to ophthalmology such as stiffness of tissue.This book relays to the reader key numbers and parameters relevant to existing therapeutic lasers, and  imaging and testing devices typically found in both clinical and research settings. Closely related and important topics are included, such as Measurement Differences Between the Adult and Infant Eye, Applied Measurement Values in Ophthalmic Research by Sub-Specialty, Genetic & Ethnic Factors, and Normative Databases in Ophthalmology and Vision Science.  Of particular interest to many will be the section Emerging Ocular Imaging Technology as new and ever-improving ophthalmic imaging technology continues to refine existing values, and define new values previously unknown to us.Normal Values in Vision Science will be a valuable resource for Ophthalmology Residents, Fellows, Researchers, Research Personnel, Junior Faculty, Medical Students, Optometrists, Ophthalmic and Optometric allied health personnel, and Biomedical engineering students and faculty with interest in vision science as well as seasoned faculty.