Red and the Black

Famous Works Library of Translation: The Red and the Black is a representative work of Stendhal, the famous French writer and also the foundational work for the European critical realism literature. Firmly focusing on the main line of the experience of the protagonist Yu Lian's personnel efforts and ultimate failure, this novel widely demonstrates "e;the social ethos brought by the successive governments oppressing the French people in the first 30 years of the 19th century"e; and reflects some essential problems in the French political and social life in early 19th century. This novel adopts a profound and delicate style artistically and widely uses monologue and free association and other various art techniques to fully demonstrate the protagonist's mental space and explore the protagonist' activities in the deep consciousness, which creates a precedent for "e;stream-of-consciousness novel"e; and "e;psychological novel"e; in later ages. Stendhal is therefore called as the "e;father of modern novels"e; by the later generations.