Advanced Bilayer Heterostructure Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

This book presents a comprehensive study on the synthesis, structural analysis, and electrochemical performance of conducting polymers (Polyaniline, Polypyrrole) and transition metal oxides (MnO2, Cr2O ) for supercapacitor applications. Emphasis is placed on galvanostatic electrodeposition techniques for fabricating single-layer and bilayer heterostructure thin films on stainless steel substrates.The book systematically explains the growth mechanisms, physicochemical characterization (XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, AFM), and electrochemical evaluation (CV, GCD, EIS) of individual and composite layers. Special focus is given to bilayer electrodes such as PANI/Cr2O , PPy/MnO2, and other combinations that demonstrate enhanced capacitance, cyclic stability, and charge transport behavior.With clear illustrations, experimental methods, and analysis suitable for both beginners and researchers, this book serves as a valuable reference for:Energy storage researchersSupercapacitor and battery technologistsNanoscience and materials science studentsScientists working on polymer-oxide hybrid materialsThe work also highlights structure-property relationships and provides insights into designing next-generation high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.