Civil Rights in the United States

Thirty years ago, in his ""Letter from a Birmingham Jail,"" Martin Luther King, Jr., appealed to the American people to support a ""constructive nonviolent"" struggle to create a racially integrated society. Although legal segregation has been outlawed, America today seems in many ways even more fragmented by racial and ethnic divisions. And, despite the passage of landmark legislation in 1964 and 1965, the controversy surrounding civil rights seems to have grown, with the extension of civil rights protection to ""new"" groups including the disabled only creating further disputes in American politics and the courts. It is true that progress has been made in the struggle for civil rights for racial and ethnic minorities and women. This collection of essays, however, seeks more than simply to measure the success of civil rights policy in America. Instead, the contributors ask how both the civil rights problems and the policies developed to remedy them have been affected by the distinctive historical forces that have shaped the American political culture. Written from diverse disciplinary, topical, and cultural perspectives, these essays offer readers a broad and historically informed analysis of civil rights policy that should foster reasoned discussion, academic debate, and further research. Contents Hugh Davis Graham/Introduction Hugh Davis Graham/Race, History, and Policy: African Americans and Civil Rights Since 1964 Jane Sherron De Hart/Equality Challenged: Equal Rights and Sexual Difference Peter Skerry/The Ambivalent Minority: Mexican Americans and the Voting Rights Act Edward D. Berkowitz/A Historical Preface to the Americans with Disabilities Act Gérard Noiriel/""Civil Rights"" Policy in the United States and the Policy of ""Integration"" in Europe: Divergent Approaches to a Similar Issue Mary Ann Glendon/Rights in Twentieth-Century Constitutions: The Case of Welfare Rights