Etiological factors of perineal tears

Introduction: Traumatic soft tissue injuries are complications of childbirth and include vulvo-perineal injuries, cervical and vaginal tears, genital thrombi and uterine rupture. Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on archival data. It spanned over a period of 12 months from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The data collection was done through a pre-established exploitation form Results: We found that perineal tears are frequent (7.1%), the municipality of Ibanda was more represented (85.5%), the age group of 19-35 years was more represented (88.7%), this incident affected much more the poor (44.7%). Women with a gestational age between 37-40 weeks of amenorrhea were more at risk (82.8%), 1st degree tear was more encountered (72.4%). Labour lasting more than 12 hours was more common (53.4%), spontaneous induction was more common (64.7%), episiotomy was less common in primiparous women (12.7%), as was instrumental extraction (98,6%), the weight between 2500-4000 grams of newborns from the deliveries with tear was more represented (89.6%), with a head circumference greater than or equal to 35 cm (60.6%) and they represented a good score of APGAR (94.6%).Conclusion: Tears of the perineum are not rare in women giving birth despite the prophylactic section of the vulva by episiotomy. The factors age, parity, instrumental extraction, presentation of the fetal mobile, fetal weight, head circumference are involved as in the occurrence of this morbidity.