Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

This book investigates the significance of bone turnover biochemical markers; serum osteocalcin and serum osteopontin in evaluating osteoporosis for postmenopausal women with and without history of vertebral fractures, as well as to explore the relationship of these markers with bone mineral density. The study was performed on eighty-five Iraqi postmenopausal women whose ages 50 years and over. They were categorized into three groups: osteoporotic postmenopausal women without vertebral fractures, mean age (59.70±4.54) years, osteoporotic postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures, mean age (61.78±5.25) years, and healthy postmenopausal women, mean age (58.44±4.54) years. Blood samples were collected and all sera samples were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorous by using spectrophotometric kit. Serum osteocalcin and osteopontin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), and vertebral fractures were ascertained by review the radiograph reports for all women in this study.